See preman on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "id",
"3": "preman"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian preman",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "vrijman",
"t": "freeman"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vrijman (“freeman”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "freeman"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of freeman",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Indonesian preman, from Dutch vrijman (“freeman”). Doublet of freeman.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "premans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "premen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "premen"
},
"expansion": "preman (plural premans or premen)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "52 37 5 1 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 50 3 1 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A member of an organized criminal gang in Indonesia."
],
"id": "en-preman-en-noun-0zPfb6oi",
"links": [
[
"member",
"member"
],
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
],
[
"gang",
"gang"
],
[
"Indonesia",
"Indonesia"
]
]
}
],
"word": "preman"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "preman",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 50 3 1 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "premer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of premer:",
"third-person plural present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-preman-gl-verb-MWUSeLea",
"links": [
[
"premer",
"premer#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "premer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of premer:",
"third-person plural imperative"
],
"id": "en-preman-gl-verb-m-rLSt02",
"links": [
[
"premer",
"premer#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "preman"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kepremanan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "preman berdasi"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "preman"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "vrijman",
"t": "freeman"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Dutch vrijman (“freeman”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch vrijman (“freeman”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "préman",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "preman-preman",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "préman"
},
"expansion": "préman (plural preman-preman)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pre‧man"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pre‧man"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"freeman,",
"not part of government"
],
"id": "en-preman-id-noun-QKyY2r-s",
"links": [
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "partikelir"
},
{
"word": "swasta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"freeman,",
"not part of military"
],
"id": "en-preman-id-noun-PxO93noL",
"links": [
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
],
[
"military",
"military"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "partikelir"
},
{
"word": "sipil"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"property of a freeman"
],
"id": "en-preman-id-noun-Ed-~38YV",
"links": [
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"criminal"
],
"id": "en-preman-id-noun--rhi~Jfb",
"links": [
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) criminal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penjahat"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpreman/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpre.man]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eman"
}
],
"word": "preman"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "id",
"3": "preman"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian preman",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "vrijman",
"t": "freeman"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vrijman (“freeman”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "freeman"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of freeman",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Indonesian preman, from Dutch vrijman (“freeman”). Doublet of freeman.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "premans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "premen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "premen"
},
"expansion": "preman (plural premans or premen)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Indonesian",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Indonesian",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"A member of an organized criminal gang in Indonesia."
],
"links": [
[
"member",
"member"
],
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
],
[
"gang",
"gang"
],
[
"Indonesia",
"Indonesia"
]
]
}
],
"word": "preman"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "preman",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "premer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of premer:",
"third-person plural present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"premer",
"premer#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "premer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of premer:",
"third-person plural imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"premer",
"premer#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "preman"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 2-syllable words",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/eman",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/eman/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kepremanan"
},
{
"word": "preman berdasi"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "preman"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "vrijman",
"t": "freeman"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Dutch vrijman (“freeman”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch vrijman (“freeman”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "préman",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "preman-preman",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "préman"
},
"expansion": "préman (plural preman-preman)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pre‧man"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pre‧man"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"freeman,",
"not part of government"
],
"links": [
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "partikelir"
},
{
"word": "swasta"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"freeman,",
"not part of military"
],
"links": [
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
],
[
"military",
"military"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "partikelir"
},
{
"word": "sipil"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"property of a freeman"
],
"links": [
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"criminal"
],
"links": [
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) criminal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penjahat"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpreman/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpre.man]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eman"
}
],
"word": "preman"
}
Download raw JSONL data for preman meaning in All languages combined (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.